In 2010, Henan, China. Despite more than jumping events, but still full of people Foxconn recruitment site
Lead: Economists dissatisfaction. However, in addition to low labor costs overseas companies, but also has flexible working hours, higher skill level of advantage,
The following is the text of the article:
Last February, U.S. President Barack Obama held a banquet in Silicon Valley, invited a number of technology heavyweights discuss state is. Each guest will need to prepare a question for the President to answer.
However, when Apple founder Steve • Steve Jobs (Steve Jobs) speech, President Obama has interrupted him to ask: what price to pay in order to produce in the United States iPhone?
Not long ago, Apple also boasts its products Now, heaven and earth reversed. Last year, Apple sold 70 million iPhone, 3000 million iPad, and 59 million units of other products – most of which are outside the U.S. production.
Obama asked, why can not the
Jobs answer is very clear. According to one participant said, his words were: Production lines to other countries, not just because of where labor costs were lower; Apple’s management believes that large-scale overseas factory workers more flexible, diligent, good job skills and more, these benefits far beyond the U.S. factory and workers, most of the products that Apple is no longer appropriate,
Apple has become the world’s most famous and one of the most respected companies, and its development model to be widely emulated. Apple’s success stems in part from the globalization of operational excellence. Last year, Apple has created per employee more than $ 400,000 profit, the figure more than Goldman Sachs, Exxon Mobil and Google (microblogging).
However, President Obama and economists and decision-making is not satisfied, Apple – and many other technology companies – to far better than others who have stood on top of the wave of well-known companies.
Currently, Apple has 43,000 employees in the United States, there are 20,000 people overseas; In contrast, 1950 General Motors has more than 40 million U.S. employees, but also the 1980s, General Electric has hired thousands of U.S. citizens. Apple’s large supplier system, 70 million people responsible for the design, manufacture and assembly of iPad, iPhone and other Apple products; However, they are almost all in other countries work. Them in Asia, Europe and other parts of the foreign companies working in the foundry factory work – almost all of the electronics product design companies need to rely on these plants for production.
• former White House economic adviser Jared Bernstein (Jared Bernstein), said:
Apple management said that at this time to move overseas, it is a last resort. A former executive tells a story: Once, only a few weeks from the iPhone market, Apple is need to modify the design, but all their hopes on China, a factory body. Apple redesigned the iPhone’s display, assembly lines had to a great extent. Near midnight, the new display shipped to the factory.
a foreman immediately woke up from the factory dormitory 8,000 workers, and paid to each person a bag of biscuits and a cup of tea. All within half an hour onto the station, start the installation of these glass display, up to 12 hours per shift. Within 96 hours, the factory produced more than 10,000 daily iPhone.
can tell similar stories. Outsourcing model has swept through various industries, including accounting, legal, financial, automotive and pharmaceutical sectors.
Although Apple did not More importantly, Apple’s decision to move overseas, presented us with a broader question: With the global economy and the increasing blend of the domestic economy, U.S. companies owe the American people what things?
former U.S. Labor Department chief economist Bache • Stevenson (Betsey Stevenson) said: program, they would still make this choice, however, this situation no longer exists, profits and efficiency of the overwhelming generosity and charity. The idea is too naive. Company executives said that although Americans are the world’s highest level of education one of the groups, the government already does not have a lot of training, personnel intermediate skill levels, it is difficult to meet plant needs.
company also said that, in order to thrive, they need to be able to generate sufficient profits to the national shift to ensure that the company has sufficient funds to support innovation. Otherwise, the U.S. will face the risk of losing more jobs, some of which has already been proved by well-known domestic manufacturers – such as General Motors and other companies – as the market reacted swiftly and the emergence of new competitors, the size of these manufacturers was be reduced.
Apple has read a summary of the story, but has always been known for the mysterious Apple did not comment.
This article is based on more than 30 former Apple employees, current employees, contract manufacturers – many of the requirements are not anonymous to ensure that Apple fired – and economists, industry experts, international trade experts science and technology analysts, academic researchers, Apple supplier employees, competitors, business partners and government officials interviewed.
Apple executives have said privately that the world is changing so fast, only through the contribution of businesses to measure the number of employees is not sufficient – even though Apple’s number of employees employed in the United States than in the past. In addition, Apple’s success for entrepreneurs to provide a convenient transportation for mobile operators and enterprises to create Apple products, employment opportunities, thus promoting economic development.
an Apple executive said: the product. A few weeks, Steve Jobs has been Chuaizhuo pocket an iPhone prototype.
said, according to executives attending the meeting, Steve Jobs held up the angry iPhone, so that everyone can see the presence of the plastic screen on the road more than a dozen thin scratches. He then took out his pocket jeans and from a bunch of keys.
He said: planning of the glass screen and I need a glass screen, and hope to come up in six weeks the perfect solution. To get a perfect glass screen, in addition to China, no other place.
in more than two years, Apple’s a project – code-named Purple 2 – are often the same problem: how to redefine the mobile phone? How to design the highest quality products – such as the use of anti-scratch screen – quickly, while ensuring that millions of production, the price to be adequate and reasonable to ensure that sufficient profits.
almost every time, the final answers are outside the United States. Although each version of the iPhone using different parts, but all iPhone models contain hundreds of parts, of which about 90% of production outside the United States. Advanced semiconductor from Germany and China Taiwan, South Korea and Japan from memory, display panel and circuit board from Korea and China Taiwan, chipset from Europe, rare metals from Africa and Asia, all of these components are in the final Assembled in China.
its inception, Apple did not look outside the company to consider manufacturing solutions. For example, Apple Macintosh computers to begin production in 1983, Steve Jobs was in the next few years, boasts, Jobs told reporters, Grove) iMac factory.
2004, Apple began large-scale shift of foreign manufacture. Apple is making the decision • operational expert Tim Cook (Tim Cook), Cook in August last year to replace Steve Jobs as the company CEO, Steve Jobs is six weeks before his death. Most U.S. electronics companies have to go overseas, and is in a difficult period, Apple has been aware of the need to seize every opportunity.
attractive Asian market, in part because of semi-skilled workers lower salaries, but this is not the main reason Apple chose to Asia. For technology companies, with the purchase of spare parts and supply chain management costs compared to the cost of labor appears to be negligible.
a former Apple executive said, Cook selected Asian markets based on two considerations. First of all, the Asian factories can quickly adjust the size according to demand, followed by Asia supply chain is better than the United States. The executive said:
years of mobile phone manufacturers to avoid the use of glass screens, mainly because of demanding cutting and polishing process, it is difficult to achieve the desired effect. Apple has chosen U.S. company Corning (Corning) production of large glass panels, but these panels cut into delivering millions iPhone screen will need to find a large cutting plants, need to test with plenty of glass, but also a large number of intermediate level engineers, just need a lot of the preparation of these costs.
to be continued
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